Appendix C — Material Properties

Material	Specific Weight (lb/in.3)	Elastic Modulus (106 psi)	Shear Modulus (106 psi)	Poisson’s Ratio	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (10-6 /°F)	Yield Strength (Tens.) (ksi)	Yield Strength (Comp.) (ksi)	Ultimate Strength (Tens.) (ksi)	Ultimate Strength (Comp.) (ksi)
Aluminum (2014-T6)	0.101	10.6	3.9	0.35	12.8	60	60	68	68
Aluminum (6061-T6)	0.098	10.0	3.7	0.35	13.1	37	37	42	42
Cast Iron (Gray ASTM 20)	0.260	10.0	3.9	0.28	6.70	-	-	26	96
Cast Iron (Malleable)	0.264	24.0	9.3	0.28	6.70	33	-	40	83
Copper (C83400)	0.316	14.6	5.4	0.35	9.80	11.4	11.4	35	35
Copper (C86100)	0.319	15.2	5.6	0.34	12.2	50	50	95	95
Steel (A-36)	0.284	29.0	11.2	0.32	6.50	36	36	58	58
Steel (A992)	0.284	29.0	11.2	0.32	6.50	50	50	65	65
Steel (Stainless 304)	0.284	28.0	11.0	0.27	9.60	30	30	75	75
Titanium Alloy	0.160	17.4	6.4	0.36	5.20	134	134	145	145
Concrete (Low Strength)	0.086	3.20	-	0.15	6.0	-	-	-	3.0
Concrete (High Strength)	0.086	4.20	-	0.15	6.0	-	-	-	6.0
Douglas Fir	0.017	1.9	-	0.29	-	-	-	15.0	7.2
White Oak	0.025	1.8	-	0.31	-	-	-	-	7.4

Material	Density(kg/m3)	Elastic Modulus (GPa)	Shear Modulus (GPa)	Poisson’s Ratio	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (10-6 /°C)	Yield Strength (Tens.) (MPa)	Yield Strength (Comp.) (MPa)	Ultimate Strength (Tens.) (MPa)	Ultimate Strength (Comp.) (MPa)
Aluminum (2014-T6)	2790	73.1	27	0.35	23	414	414	469	469
Aluminum (6061-T6)	2710	68.9	26	0.35	24	255	255	290	290
Cast Iron (Gray ASTM 20)	7190	67.0	27	0.28	12	-	-	179	669
Cast Iron (Malleable)	7300	165	65	0.28	12	230	-	345	620
Copper (C83400)	8740	101	37	0.35	18	70	70	241	241
Copper (C86100)	8830	103	38	0.34	17	345	345	655	655
Steel (A-36)	7850	200	75	0.32	12	250	250	400	400
Steel (A992)	7850	200	75	0.32	12	345	345	450	450
Steel (Stainless 304)	7860	193	75	0.27	17	207	207	517	517
Titanium Alloy	4430	120	44	0.36	9.4	924	924	1000	1000
Concrete (Low Strength)	2380	22.1	-	0.15	11	-	-	-	20
Concrete (High Strength)	2370	29.0	-	0.15	11	-	-	-	30
Douglas Fir	470	13.1	-	0.29	-	-	-	100	48
White Oak	690	12.0	-	0.31	-	-	-	-	51